Updated July 20, 2020.
If you were born after 1970 you may think that Campagnolo is the final word when it comes to Italian bicycle components. However nothing is further from the truth as Italy had many great component manufacturers long before Tulio Campagnolo filed his first patent for the quick-release hub mechanism in 1933. Working out of the back of his father’s hardware store in those early years, Tulio’s first employee didn’t come on board until 1940 and with the second world war on the doorstop, Campagnolo was on hold until the fighting was over in 1945. And it was not until the 50’s that Campagnolo really hit their stride as a manufacturer with the Gran Sport derailleur, culminating almost two decades later with a full ‘gruppo’ in 1968.
So who were the bicycle component makers before Campagnolo became the powerhouse that we know today. Well, there were many high-quality Italian manufacturers supplying parts to Legnano, Bianchi, Torpado, Atala, Maino, Umberto Dei, Gloria, Willier and many other brands. The component manufacturers that first come to mind are Magistroni, Way-Assauto, Fiamme, Ambrosio, Balilla, Universal (Fratelli Pietra), Gnutti and Regina and they produced everything from cranksets to freewheels. A few survived the financial ups and downs of the industry and the eventual elimination of inter-European import tariffs, and a few still live on in brand name only, but regrettably most of these great companies are now long gone.
One of the early Italian manufacturers that has always interested me was F.B. or Fratelli Brivio S.A., (translated: Brivio Brothers Inc.) located at 9 Viale Italia, Brescia. Camino Brivio patented the three-piece hub using aluminium flanges and a steel shank in 1931, two years before Tulio Campagnolo filed his patent for the quick release mechanism in 1933. These new F.B. three-piece hubs were light and extremely well made.
It is widely agreed that the three-piece Campagnolo Gran Sport hubs were produced by F.B., who adapted their solid axle to a hollow axle to accommodate Tulio’s newly patented QR mechanism. In the photo below you can see that even the F.B. hub cones where stamped with the production year (in this case 43 for 1943) in the same format as supplied to Campagnolo.
This would be a good time to note that F.B may have shared a small production facility held by Campagnolo in Cognin, France in 1948 to service the French market given restrictive inter-European import tariffs during those years (see trade show promotion below).
Fratelli Brivio like most Italian component makers at that time would engrave the hubs with their customer’s logo. This practice lasted through until the late 60’s and even Campagnolo supplied and branded their first Record all aluminium hubs for Legnano, Frejus, Bianchi, Atala and others. Above is a photo of a F.B. extralusso hub branded for Umberto Dei. The image below is a listing in the 1950 catalog from Emilio Bozzi for the same hub with a solid axle. And below that, an advertisement for an F.B. hub with patented Campagnolo quick release lever described as being made by ‘us’, inferring Fratelli Brivio (source).
I have also come across accounts that suggest the Brivio Brothers worked with Tulio Campagnolo in prototyping his patented QR hub mechanism, and made significant contributions to the final solution as makers often do in supporting inventors, designers and engineers. And it does seem that Tulio Campagnolo began his career and company as an inventor and not as a manufacturer according to Steven Maasland, “It is also interesting to point out a bit of Campagnolo trivia. Campagnolo’s official corporate name for many years was (and maybe still is) Campagnolo Brevetti Internazionali SpA which translates into: Campagnolo International Patents Inc. No mention of cycling whatsoever.”
Shown above (source) is a very rare and first generation F.B rear hub and Campagnolo QR mechanism that has the F.B. logo on one side of the axle retainer (source) and the Campagnolo engraving on the other side that speaks to the collaboration between the inventor and the maker at turning the patent into a working product.
Campagnolo licensed the QR skewer design to Gnutti and there was would also appear to have been some limited usage by F.B. (photo below). I would no be surprised if the F.B. usage was within the scope of their collaborative working relationship during those early years with Tulio Campagnolo. The Gnutti produced QR levers actually acknowledges the Campagnolo license as law requires. These were early years for Tulio Campagnolo and like most businesses starting out, even today, alliances and collaboration are necessary to get things going if your pockets aren’t too deep. Collaboration also brings additional experience to the table and the Brivio Brothers had their production capability as well as their patented three-piece hub design to compliment Tulio’s new QR skewers.
The Fratelli Brivio quick release skewer.
The Gnutti quick release skewer showing the licensing from Campagnolo.
FB also produced cranksets in the same overall style and quality as Way Assauto (est.1906), Gnutti (est.1920) and Magistroni (est.1921) with subtle differences in the inner web pattern of the chainrings. Campagnolo released their cotterless, all aluminium Record crankset in 1958 however acceptance was not immediate as some competitors experienced failures with the forged aluminium spider separating from the drive arm under extreme loading. This early complaint was quickly corrected, and by the time Campagnolo released the Nuovo Record crankset in 1967, the steel crankset retained with a cotter pin had become a thing of the past on competitive road bikes.
It would also appear from the image of the head badge above that F.B. had their own line of bicycles at some point in time. Whether they actually built the frames in their workshops is unknown and I have yet to personally come across one of these bicycles. As businesses grow and look for opportunities they often venture out with products that often times do not stick for one reason or another and this could be the case here. In any event, if a reader has any more information on this aspect of F.B., a comment would be very welcome.
As previously mentioned, F.B was founded in 1931 and Campagnolo struck out in the back of his father’s hardware store a couple of years later in 1933 (source). Given the early collaboration between the inventor Tulio and the workshop of the Brivio brothers it is interesting to see the similarities in the logo or trademarks of the two fledgling companies. There are suggestions that Campagnolo may have purchased F.B. at some point in time however I have not been able to confirm that possibility. It is also not clear as to when exactly Fratelli Brivio closed their doors however it would seem to have been in the later part of the 1960’s.
To conclude, here you can find a very nice page on Pinterest by Cory Mihailiak with many images of F.B. hubs and documentation.
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condorino 
Thank you. It was very interesting to read!
When did Campagnolo begin manufacturing their own hubs. I have a pair of Campag hubs stamped “57”. Are they FB or Campag?
Hi Graham,
Thanks for writing. First to acknowledge, I am not a Campagnolo expert. That said, the Campagnolo timeline on the velo-retro.com website states that the low flange, three piece hubs (aluminium flanges pressed on to chrome plated steel hubs) were first supplied to Campagnolo in 1933. Apparently it was not until the late 1940’s to early 1950’s that the Campagnolo logo replaced the F.B. logo on the steel barrels of the hubs supplied to Campy.
The three piece design, patented by Camillo Brivio in 1931 and manufactured by Fratelli Brivio (F.B.) was engraved for Campagnolo along with other Italian makers (ie. Umberto Dei, Bianchi, Atala, etc.). The general consensus is that Campagnolo never produced the three piece design themselves, utilizing the FB production until Campy introduced the all aluminium high flange hubs in 1958 (reference) that was of their own production.
What style or format are the hubs you are referring to with the 57 stamped lock nuts?
regards,
Mark
BRIVIO Fratelli
Ugo Camillo (Castenedolo, 22 febbraio 1885 – Brescia, 28 maggio 1958) e Ludovico (Castenedolo, 17 settembre 1878 – Brescia, 6 ottobre 1959). Brivio figli di Andrea e di Camilla Brivio, già proprietari di una piccola officina meccanica nel 1919 maturarono l’idea di allestire una fabbrica per la produzione di parti di bicicletta ed in specie per la costruzione di mozzi e di altre parti rotanti. Fondavano in tal modo la F.B. (Fratelli Brivio) di carattere spiccatamente familiare ma di alta qualificazione. Lo stabilimento, sito in Viale Italia, andò via via soppiantando l’attrezzatissima B.S.A. inglese. Nel 1933 aprivano una succursale a Pavillons sur bois in Francia che nel 1947 cedettero al vicentino Tullio Campagnolo, inventore del cambio a bloccaggio per biciclette da corsa, che porta il suo nome. Passato poi al nipote dei Brivio Andrea Renzi, ancora nel 1952 lo stabilimento di Brescia fabbricava 1550 paia di mozzi al giorno e altri congegni. Uno stabilimento parallelo veniva aperto in via Zara. In effetti non esisteva corridore ciclista che non impiegasse ingranaggi Brivio. “La Brivio F.lli – Officina meccanica di precisione S.p.A.” con sede in via Brozzoni 8, continuò a costruire mozzi per biciclette, furgoncino, ciclotrasporto, ciclomotri, motoleggere, calibri filettati e tampone ed anelli, ruote per auto a raggi sottili, elevatori automatici per avvolgibili, attuatori per manovra a distanza di valvole, saracinesce. Verso il 1960 andò poi in crisi e cambiò ragione sociale.
Basti ricordare i fratelli Lodovico e Camillo Brivio che iniziarono con modesti mezzi nel 1919 la produzione di mozzi e di altre parti rotanti per biciclette e che oggi nei due stabilimenti di viale Italia e di via Zara, con un ciclo completo di lavorazione che va dai materiali greggi ai trattamenti galvanici, producono equipaggiamenti per 1500 biciclette e 100 motociclette al giorno, di cui un terzo esportato;
Google translation for our English speaking friends,
BRIVIO Brothers
Ugo Camillo (Castenedolo, 22 February 1885 – Brescia, 28 May 1958) and Ludovico (Castenedolo, 17 September 1878 – Brescia, 6 October 1959). Brivio, sons of Andrea and Camilla Brivio, already owners of a small mechanical workshop in 1919 developed the idea of setting up a factory for the production of bicycle parts and in particular for the construction of hubs and other rotating parts. In this way they founded the F.B. (Brivio Brothers) of a distinctly family nature but of high qualification. The factory, located in Viale Italia, gradually replaced the well-equipped B.S.A. English. In 1933 they opened a branch in Pavillons sur bois in France which in 1947 they sold to Tullio Campagnolo from Vicenza, inventor of the locking gear for racing bicycles, which bears his name. Then passed on to the Brivio nephew Andrea Renzi, as late as 1952 the Brescia factory was still manufacturing 1550 pairs of hubs and other devices per day. A parallel factory was opened in via Zara. In fact, there was no racing cyclist who didn’t use Brivio gears. “Brivio F.lli – Officina mechanica di precision S.p.A.” with headquarters in via Brozzoni 8, continued to build hubs for bicycles, vans, cycle transport, mopeds, light motorcycles, threaded gauges and pads and rings, thin-spoked car wheels, automatic elevators for roller shutters, actuators for remote valve operation, rolling shutters . Around 1960 it then went into crisis and changed its name.
It is enough to remember the brothers Lodovico and Camillo Brivio who began with modest means in 1919 the production of hubs and other rotating parts for bicycles and who today in the two factories in viale Italia and via Zara, with a complete production cycle that goes from materials raw materials subjected to galvanic treatments, produce equipment for 1500 bicycles and 100 motorbikes per day, of which a third is exported;
Thank you Renato for this important piece of BRIVIO FRATELLI history. Of particular interest to me was the sale of the original FB factory in France to Campagnolo . . . most references infer that this factory in France was opened by Campagnolo however this would now seem to be not the case.